13 Discriminatory Practices in Politics

1. Voter Suppression

• • Voter Intimidation

  • Felony Disenfranchisement

  • Voter Registration Restrictions

  • Voter ID Laws

  • Limited Access for People with Disabilities

  • Disparate Impact of Election Policies

  • Disenfranchisement of Native American Voters

  • Economic Barriers to Political Participation

  • Access to Information

  • Targeted Voter Purges

  • Reduction of Early Voting Periods

  • Poll Closures in Minority Communities

  • Voter Roll Inaccuracies and Errors

  • Intentional Misinformation Campaigns

2. Gerrymandering

• • Partisan Gerrymandering

  • Racial Gerrymandering

  • Prison Gerrymandering

  • Gerrymandering for Incumbency Protection

  • Gerrymandering to Dilute Urban Votes

  • Gerrymandering to Concentrate Minority Votes

3. Election Administration Issues

• • Long Lines at Polling Places

  • Malfunctioning Voting Machines

  • Insufficient Staffing

  • Inadequate Resources in Certain Precincts

  • Voter ID Law Implementation Issues

  • Inconsistent Application of Election Laws

  • Voter Roll Maintenance Problems

  • Inadequate Provision for Absentee and Mail-In Voting

4. Language Barriers

• • Lack of Multilingual Ballots

  • Inadequate Translation of Voting Materials

  • Language Access at Polling Places

  • Voter Education Efforts in Non-English Speaking Communities

5. Corporate Influence in Politics

1. 1. Dark Money Contributions

   2. Super PAC Spending

   3. Lobbying Expenditures

   4. Revolving Door Influence (between corporations and government)

   5. Corporate-Friendly Legislation

   6. Regulatory Capture

6. Undue Influence of Special Interest Groups

1. 1. Lobbying by Special Interest Groups

   2. Political Action Committees (PACs)

   3. Industry-Funded Research and Think Tanks

   4. Astroturfing and Fake Grassroots Campaigns

   5. Issue Advocacy Advertising

   6. Revolving Door Influence (between special interest groups and government)

7. Systemic Racism in the Political System

1. 1. Historical and Ongoing Discrimination Against Black Voters

   2. Discrimination Against Hispanic/Latinx Voters

   3. Discrimination Against Asian American and Pacific Islander Voters

   4. Intersectional Discrimination: Race, Gender, and Other Identities

   5. Voter ID Laws with Disproportionate Impact on Minority Communities

   6. Targeted Voter Suppression Tactics in Communities of Color

8. Gender Discrimination in Politics

1. 1. Barriers to Women’s Political Participation

   2. Gender Bias in Electoral Processes and Campaigns

   3. Lack of Representation for Women in Political Leadership Roles

   4. Gender Pay Gap in Politics

   5. Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Discrimination in Political Spaces

9. LGBTQ+ Discrimination in Politics

1. 1. Barriers to LGBTQ+ Voter Participation

   2. Discrimination Against LGBTQ+ Candidates and Elected Officials

   3. Lack of LGBTQ+ Inclusive Policies and Representation

   4. Hate Crimes Targeting LGBTQ+ Individuals During Campaigns

   5. Conversion Therapy Advocacy and Legislative Efforts

10. Socioeconomic Discrimination in Politics

1. 1. Disproportionate Impact of Policies on Low-Income Communities

   2. Wealth Disparities in Political Influence and Representation

   3. Lack of Representation for Working-Class and Marginalized Economic Groups

   4. Funding Disparities in Political Campaigns

   5. Policy Prioritization of Wealthy Constituents’ Interests

11. Education Discrimination in Politics

1. 1. Educational Barriers to Political Participation

   2. Disparities in Civic Education and Awareness

   3. Lack of Representation for Individuals with Limited Educational Opportunities

   4. Underfunding of Public Education and its Impact on Political Engagement

   5. Higher Education Access Barriers for Marginalized Groups

12. Immigration Discrimination in Politics

1. 1. Barriers to Voter Registration and Participation for Immigrants

   2. Discrimination Against Undocumented Immigrants and Mixed-Status Families

   3. Lack of Representation for Immigrant Communities in Political Processes

   4. Racial Profiling and Discriminatory Immigration Policies

   5. Anti-Immigrant Rhetoric and its Impact on Voter Sentiment

13. Digital Discrimination in Politics

1. 1. Digital Divide: Access to Technology and Internet for Political Participation

   2. Online Disinformation and Manipulation in Elections

   3. Cybersecurity Threats to Electoral Integrity and Voter Privacy

   4. Algorithmic Bias in Voter Outreach and Targeting

   5. Social Media Echo Chambers and Polarization Effect

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